{"id":138912,"date":"2022-08-19T10:52:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T09:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/bitki-baharat-botanik-urunlerin-sifrelerini-cozmek\/"},"modified":"2025-03-03T11:13:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T11:13:19","slug":"bitki-baharat-botanik-urunlerin-sifrelerini-cozmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/bitki-baharat-botanik-urunlerin-sifrelerini-cozmek\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitki, Baharat ve Botanik \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u015eifrelerini \u00c7\u00f6zmek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sarita Raengpradub\u00a0&amp; Kristen Rowell<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupa Komisyonu&#8217;nun \u015fifal\u0131 otlar ve baharatlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, g\u0131da tedarik zincirinin bu ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bitkiler, baharatlar ve botanik \u00fcr\u00fcnler, tedarik zincirinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fcksek de\u011feri ve haz\u0131r \u00fcr\u00fcne ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereken i\u015flem miktar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle sahtecili\u011fe \u00f6zellikle duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artan bu risk nedeniyle, bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcreticileri, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin tedarik zincirini korumak i\u00e7in gayretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve emeklerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131n en iyi yolunu ar\u0131yorlar. Bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde otantisitenin belirlenmesinin \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar\u0131 vard\u0131r, ancak en iyi yollardan biri, \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in hasat edilen bitkiyi belirlemektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eimdi, taksonomik t\u00fcr tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, genel olarak morfolojik, biyokimyasal ve molek\u00fcler ara\u00e7lar dahil olmak \u00fczere bunu yapman\u0131n birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 yolu vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, geleneksel bitki t\u00fcrlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, bir botanik uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan morfolojik \u00f6zelliklerin incelenmesiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k matrisler (yani, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcrlerden olu\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcnler) i\u00e7in, g\u0131da otantisitesi ve g\u0131da sahtecili\u011fi testi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. DNA barkodlama olarak bilinen DNA tabanl\u0131 bir metodoloji, bitki t\u00fcrlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in standart bir teknik haline geldi. Asl\u0131nda, Barkod Ya\u015fam\u0131 Konsorsiyumu, k\u0131smen t\u00fcr tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel bir standart olarak DNA barkodunun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNA barkodlama, belirli bir gen veya genlerden k\u0131sa bir DNA par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n dizilenmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bitkiler i\u00e7in matK, rbcL, psbA-trnH ve ITS (International Barcode of Life www.ibol.org) dahil olmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilebilecek birka\u00e7 hedef gen vard\u0131r. DNA bir numuneden ekstrakte edilir ve hedef gen b\u00f6lgesini\/b\u00f6lgelerini amplifiye etmek i\u00e7in PCR kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Amplifiye edilmi\u015f PCR fragmanlar\u0131 daha sonra s\u0131ralan\u0131r ve bir taksonomik tan\u0131mlama atamak i\u00e7in bir referans sekans veri taban\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn: Her bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, bir s\u00fcpermarketin envanterindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri birbirinden ay\u0131rt etmek i\u00e7in Evrensel \u00dcr\u00fcn Kodunun (UPC veya \u00fcr\u00fcn barkodu) kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde, onu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek benzersiz bir dizilimi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tipik olarak, DNA barkodu, barkodlar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in denenmi\u015f ve ger\u00e7ek bir teknik olan Sanger dizilimini kullan\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu birinci nesil dizileme metodolojisinin ana s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131ndan biri, ayn\u0131 anda yaln\u0131zca tek bir DNA \u015fablonuna uygulanabilmesidir (yani, tek bir t\u00fcrden olu\u015fan bir numune); ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla par\u00e7a (farkl\u0131 genlerden) olsun, birden fazla \u015fablon i\u00e7in veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcrlerden olu\u015fan bir numune i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNA metabarkodlama, yeni nesil dizileme (NGS) teknolojisiyle desteklenen DNA barkodudur. NGS, DNA dizilemesini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde paralel bir \u015fekilde sa\u011flayan bir sonraki seviye teknolojidir; NGS&#8217;nin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 milyonlarca DNA dizisi fragman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ayn\u0131 anda birden \u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fin ve birden \u00e7ok genin dizilenmesine olanak tan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece karma\u015f\u0131k \u00f6rneklerden bitki t\u00fcrlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bilinmesi gereken \u00f6nemli bir \u015fey, NGS ile ili\u015fkili biyoinformatiklerin (yani, t\u00fcm bu dizi bilgilerini de\u015fifre etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan hesaplamal\u0131 analiz) \u00e7ok daha fazla ilgili ve zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00f6ntemin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNA metabarkodlamas\u0131, g\u0131da sahtecili\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele ve g\u0131da otantisitesini art\u0131rman\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yolu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taksonomik t\u00fcr tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bu NGS tabanl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m, bile\u015fenlerin kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamak ve beklenmeyen kontaminasyonlar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir; g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kalitesi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir analitik ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e9rieux NutriSciences, Girit, IL&#8217;deki Silliker G\u0131da Bilimi Merkezi&#8217;mizde DNA metabarkodlama hizmetini sizlere sunmaktan heyecan duyuyor. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sarita Raengpradub\u00a0&amp; Kristen Rowell Avrupa Komisyonu&#8217;nun \u015fifal\u0131 otlar ve baharatlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, g\u0131da tedarik zincirinin bu ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bitkiler, baharatlar ve botanik \u00fcr\u00fcnler, tedarik zincirinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fcksek de\u011feri ve haz\u0131r \u00fcr\u00fcne ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereken i\u015flem miktar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle sahtecili\u011fe \u00f6zellikle duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Artan bu risk nedeniyle, bu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1453],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-138912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-2-2-4"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1453,"label":"Blog"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Diana Sanchez","author_link":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/author\/diana\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1453,"name":"Blog","slug":"blog-2-2-4","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1453,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":23,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1453,"category_count":23,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Blog","category_nicename":"blog-2-2-4","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138912"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138935,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138912\/revisions\/138935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138912"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=138912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}