{"id":209406,"date":"2025-08-28T07:48:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T06:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/?page_id=209406"},"modified":"2025-08-28T07:48:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T06:48:13","slug":"baharatlar-cesniler-ve-otlar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/sektorler\/baharatlar-cesniler-ve-otlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Baharatlar, \u00e7e\u015fniler ve otlar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAO\u2019ya g\u00f6re baharatlar \u201cg\u0131dalara tat, \u00e7e\u015fni ve aroma vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Baharatlar\u0131n bir alt k\u00fcmesi olarak kabul edilen otlar, yaprakl\u0131 baharatlard\u0131r ve dereotu ile ki\u015fni\u015f gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 hem baharat tohumu hem de yaprakl\u0131 ot sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mutfak otlar\u0131 ve baharatlar\u0131, yiyeceklere tat katmak i\u00e7in de\u011ferlidir ve ayr\u0131ca antioksidan ve bakteriyostatik etkiler gibi di\u011fer faydal\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra belirli farmakolojik aktiviteler de sa\u011flayabilirler. Tedarik zincirleri karma\u015f\u0131k, uzun ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, \u00e7o\u011fu baharat\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygun bir iklime sahip de\u011fildir. Avrupa, tropikal ve yar\u0131 tropikal \u00fclkelerden otlar ve baharatlar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen ithalat b\u00f6lgelerinden biridir. D\u00fcnyadaki toplam ot ve baharat ithalat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da t\u00fcketilen otlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ise Avrupa\u2019da \u00fcretilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupal\u0131 ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar y\u00fcksek kaliteli, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilmi\u015f baharat ve otlar aramaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bulgaristan, Polonya, Romanya, \u0130spanya ve Macaristan, Avrupa\u2019da en b\u00fcy\u00fck baharat (ve az miktarda ot) \u00fcretimlerine sahiptir. Bu \u00fclkelerde \u00fcretilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca otlar ve baharatlar: anason\/y\u0131ld\u0131z anason\/rezeneler, kekik (Polonya), ki\u015fni\u015f tohumu, biber (\u0130spanya ve Macaristan) ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 biber\/paprika\u2019d\u0131r. Ancak bu \u00fclkelerdeki yerli \u00fcretim son y\u0131llarda azalm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kurutulmu\u015f ot \u00fcretimi \u00e7o\u011funlukla Fransa, \u0130talya ve Yunanistan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Maydanoz en pop\u00fcler kurutulmu\u015f ottur, ancak Avrupa \u00fcretimine fesle\u011fen, defne yapra\u011f\u0131, kereviz yapra\u011f\u0131, frenk so\u011fan\u0131, ki\u015fni\u015f, dereotu u\u00e7lar\u0131, frenk maydanozu, rezene, ard\u0131\u00e7, mercank\u00f6\u015fk, kekik, biberiye, ada\u00e7ay\u0131, zahter, tarhun ve kekik de dahildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baharatlar ve otlar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli Avrupa limanlar\u0131 Rotterdam (Hollanda), Hamburg (Almanya), Antwerp (Bel\u00e7ika), Felixstowe (Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k), Algeciras (\u0130spanya) ve Marsilya (Fransa)\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baharatlar i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck merkez Hollanda\u2019d\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan Brezilya\u2019dan siyah biberin yeniden ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Almanya, kurutulmu\u015f biber ve i\u015fleme kullan\u0131lan belirli otlar i\u00e7in \u0130spanya ve Madagaskar vanilyas\u0131 i\u00e7in Fransa gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">COVID salg\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, zencefil, zerde\u00e7al ve sar\u0131msak gibi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonunu destekleyen baharatlar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde devam etmesi bekleniyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc baharatlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Avrupa\u2019da bu kategori i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin, d\u00fcnya genelindeki di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupa\u2019da baharat talebi \u00e7o\u011funlukla yeni tatlara olan ilgi (\u00f6zellikle Uzak Do\u011fu-Asya mutfa\u011f\u0131nda) ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam nedeniyle artmaktad\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k bilincine sahip t\u00fcketicilerin beklentilerini daha iyi kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u2018temiz etiketlere\u2019 duyulan arzuyla y\u00f6nlendirilen g\u0131da i\u015fletmecileri, kimyasal olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f katk\u0131 maddeleri yerine do\u011fal bile\u015fenler kullanmaya isteklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-types-of-condiments-spices-and-herbs\">Baharatlar, \u00e7e\u015fniler ve ot \u00e7e\u015fitleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7e\u015fni, baharat ve ot \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, bitkinin hangi k\u0131sm\u0131ndan elde edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tohumlar ve Meyveler (yenibahar, vanilya, ki\u015fni\u015f, biber, kakule, muskat &amp; hint cevizi kabu\u011fu)<br>Yapraklar ve G\u00f6vdeler (fesle\u011fen, defne yapra\u011f\u0131, nane, kekik, maydanoz, biberiye, ada\u00e7ay\u0131, tarhun, kekik)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c7i\u00e7ekler ve Tomurcuklar (karanfil, ylang ylang, safran)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00f6kler ve Rizomlar (zerde\u00e7al, zencefil, so\u011fan, sar\u0131msak, yaban turpu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kabuk, Odun ve Re\u00e7ineler (tar\u00e7\u0131n ve kasia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regulatory-framework-of-condiments-spices-and-herbs\">Baharat, \u00e7e\u015fni ve otlar\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2004\/852\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon (EC) No 852\/2004<\/a> g\u0131da maddelerinin hijyeni hakk\u0131nda<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2011\/1169\/2018-01-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon 1169\/2011<\/a> t\u00fcketicilere g\u0131da bilgisi sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2005\/2073\/2020-03-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon (EC) No 2073\/2005<\/a> g\u0131da maddeleri i\u00e7in mikrobiyolojik kriterler<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A02011R1129-20131121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon (EC) No 1333\/2008<\/a> g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri (tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, renklendiriciler,&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2023\/915\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon (EU) 2023\/915<\/a> g\u0131da maddelerindeki kontaminantlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2005\/396\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg\u00fclasyon (EC) No 396\/2005<\/a> bitki ve hayvansal k\u00f6kenli g\u0131da ve yemlerdeki pestisitler<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7o\u011fu AB \u00fclkesinde \u00fclkelerin kendi d\u00fczenlemeleri de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Baharat, \u00e7e\u015fni ve ot sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00fcvenlik ve kalite<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kategorinin mikrobiyolojik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, baharat ve kurutulmu\u015f aromatik ot end\u00fcstrisinin k\u00fcresel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve baharatlar\u0131n ile kurutulmu\u015f aromatik otlar\u0131n \u00fcretilme, i\u015flenme ve kullan\u0131lma bi\u00e7imlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir zorluktur. Mikrobiyal inaktivasyon i\u015flemleri kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir, ancak baharatlar\u0131n ve kurutulmu\u015f aromatik otlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in di\u011fer azalt\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler (\u00f6r. Salmonella spp. kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f mikrobiyal azaltma y\u00f6ntemleri) ve GHP, GMP ve HACCP\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kontrollerle birle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baharat, \u00e7e\u015fni ve otlar\u0131n kalitesindeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca endi\u015felerden biri de Sahteciliktir.<br>Ot ve baharat end\u00fcstrisindeki tedarik zincirleri genellikle uzun, karma\u015f\u0131k ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden ge\u00e7ebilmektedir. Bu t\u00fcr karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, su\u00e7lulara Ekonomik Motivasyonlu Ta\u011f\u015fi\u015f (EMA) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Tedarik zincirinin a\u015famalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirici, toplay\u0131c\u0131, birincil i\u015flemci, yerel t\u00fcccarlar, ikincil i\u015flemci, ihracat\u00e7\u0131, ithalat\u00e7\u0131, t\u00fcccar, i\u015flemci\/paketleyici, g\u0131da \u00fcreticisi\/perakendeci\/toptanc\u0131 ve son olarak t\u00fcketici bulunabilir. Bu tedarik zincirinin herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f beyan, ta\u011f\u015fi\u015f ve ikame dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok sahtecilik f\u0131rsat\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2021\u2019de AB genelinde otlar ve baharatlar\u0131n pazarlanmas\u0131nda sahtekarl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen koordineli kontrol plan\u0131nda, \u015f\u00fcpheli \u00f6rneklerin genel oran\u0131n\u0131n %17 oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FAO\u2019ya g\u00f6re baharatlar \u201cg\u0131dalara tat, \u00e7e\u015fni ve aroma vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Baharatlar\u0131n bir alt k\u00fcmesi olarak kabul edilen otlar, yaprakl\u0131 baharatlard\u0131r ve dereotu ile ki\u015fni\u015f gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 hem baharat tohumu hem de yaprakl\u0131 ot sa\u011flayabilir. Mutfak otlar\u0131 ve baharatlar\u0131, yiyeceklere tat katmak i\u00e7in de\u011ferlidir ve ayr\u0131ca antioksidan ve bakteriyostatik etkiler gibi&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"parent":209385,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"folder":[1720],"class_list":["post-209406","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Nil Kaya","author_link":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/author\/nilkaya\/"},"comment_info":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=209406"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":209593,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209406\/revisions\/209593"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=209406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.merieuxnutrisciences.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=209406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}